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As part of the sweeping reforms, the university will also adopt a new definition of antisemitism and expand 鈥渋ntellectual diversity鈥� by staffing up its Institute for Israel and Jewish Studies, according to a聽聽published Friday by the interim president, Katrina Armstrong.

The announcement drew immediate condemnation from some faculty and free speech groups, who accused the university of caving to President Donald Trump's largely unprecedented intrusion upon the school鈥檚 academic freedom.

鈥淐olumbia鈥檚 capitulation endangers academic freedom and campus expression nationwide,鈥� Donna Lieberman, the executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, said in a statement.

Meanwhile, a聽group of 35 pro-Palestinian students, faculty members, legal observers, journalists and activists filed a lawsuit against the University of California, Los Angeles, over that school's handling of last year鈥檚聽聽against the聽.

Columbia changes detailed

Earlier this month, the Trump administration聽聽in research grants and other funding over the university鈥檚 handling of protests against Israel鈥檚 military campaign in Gaza. As a precondition to restoring those funds 鈥� along with billions more in future grants 鈥� federal officials last week demanded the university immediately enact nine separate reforms to its academic and security policies.

In her response Friday, Armstrong indicated Columbia would implement nearly all of them. As ordered, it will hire new public safety personnel and empower them to make arrests on campus, bar students from protesting in academic buildings and revamp its long-standing process for student discipline.

Students will no longer be permitted to wear face masks on campus 鈥渇or the purposes of concealing one鈥檚 identity.鈥� An exception would be made for people wearing them for health or religious reasons.

The university will also appoint a new senior provost to review the leadership and curriculum of several international studies departments to 鈥渆nsure the educational offerings are comprehensive and balanced.鈥�

The appointment appeared to be a concession to the Trump administration's most contentious demand: that the university place its Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies Department under 鈥渁cademic receivership for a minimum of five years.鈥�

The Trump administration repeatedly accused Columbia University of letting antisemitism go unchecked at protests against Israel that began at the university last spring and quickly spread to other campuses 鈥� a characterization disputed by those involved in the demonstrations.

In her letter, Armstrong said the university had worked hard to 鈥渁ddress the legitimate concerns raised both from within and without our Columbia community, including by our regulators, with respect to the discrimination, harassment, and antisemitic acts our Jewish community has faced.鈥�

鈥淭he way Columbia and Columbians have been portrayed is hard to reckon with,鈥� she added. 鈥淲e have challenges, yes, but they do not define us.鈥�

The Trump administration ratcheted up its attacks on Columbia in recent weeks, thrusting the campus into crisis and sparking fears of additional reprisals at colleges across the country.

On March 8, federal immigration officials arrested聽聽a prominent Palestinian activist and legal permanent resident in his university-owned apartment building 鈥� the 鈥渇irst of many鈥� attempted deportations, according to Trump.

Justice Department leaders say they also are investigating whether Columbia聽聽sought by the U.S. over their roles in the demonstrations.

UCLA sued over handling of protests

The lawsuit filed Thursday in Los Angeles comes days after the Trump administration joined a separate聽聽against the university by Jewish students and a Jewish professor accusing it of failing to protect them from pro-Palestinian activists.

The demonstrations at UCLA became part of a movement last spring at campuses nationwide against the Israel-Hamas war. Last month, the Trump administration opened聽听颈苍迟辞听聽at Columbia University, the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Minnesota, Northwestern University and Portland State University.

UCLA was repeatedly roiled by protests and the way administrators were handling the situation.

The tensions culminated the night of April 20 when a group of counterprotesters began violently dismantling a pro-Palestinian encampment.

The lawsuit says UCLA failed to protect the demonstrators when dozens of people, some in white masks and some draped in Israeli flags and armed with fireworks, hammers, baseball bats and other weapons, attacked the encampment while the loud sound of crying babies played on the jumbotron.

Several protesters were injured during the attack, which happened after private security left and police had not yet arrived, the lawsuit says.

鈥淓ncampment members witnessed the mob鈥檚 extreme violence, threats of violence, and UCLA鈥檚 failure to intervene,鈥� it says. 鈥淭hey saw people get their heads split open, suffer from open wounds and concussions, scream in pain and fear, with fireworks and mayhem all around them.鈥�

The university did not immediately respond Friday to an email from The Associated Press seeking comment.

Los Angeles Police and California Highway Patrol officers聽聽on May 1 and 2 as the camp was cleared.

The episode led to the reassignment of the聽聽and creation of a new campus safety office. A subsequent attempt to set up a new camp was also blocked.

The lawsuit also names the Los Angeles Police Department, the California Highway Patrol and 20 people it describes as members of a 鈥渕ob.鈥� It seeks monetary damages for physical and psychological injuries suffered by the protesters.

Last June, three Jewish students and a Jewish professor sued the university saying it allowed pro-Palestinian protesters to block them from accessing classes and other parts of campus. The students alleged they experienced discrimination on campus during the protests because of their faith and that UCLA failed to ensure access to campus for all Jewish students.

A federal judge ruled in a preliminary injunction last year that the university cannot allow pro-Palestinian protesters to block Jewish students from accessing classes and other parts of campus.

On Monday, the Trump administration filed a brief supporting the Jewish students and professor in their case against UCLA.

鈥淒OJ has thrown down the gauntlet: if university administrators aid and abet mistreatment of Jews, they will pay the price,鈥� said Mark Rienzi, president of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty and an attorney for the students and professor. 鈥淭his is a wake-up call for every university that allows antisemitic hatred to fester unchecked. No Jewish student or professor should ever again face this kind of terror on their own campus.鈥�

While Trump made Columbia the most visible target of his crackdown on higher education, he put other universities on notice that they will face cuts if they do not embrace his agenda.

His administration announced聽聽for their diversity, equity and inclusion programs. It also suspended approximately聽聽for the University of Pennsylvania over a transgender swimmer who last competed for the school in 2022.

On Friday, free speech groups warned Columbia鈥檚 response to Trump's threat would reverberate far beyond the Manhattan campus.

"Shaking under government pressure, Columbia crumbled," said Tyler Coward, the lead counsel for government affairs at the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression. 鈥淚f Columbia 鈥� with its immense resources and influence 鈥� can鈥檛 stand up to government demands that threaten free speech, what are other colleges to do?鈥�