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It also raises a crucial question: Should there be a cookie-cutter approach, or should service differences, evolving social norms and recruiting realities play a role in policy decisions?

Pete Hegseth has been very聽public about his聽聽and his belief that standards were lowered to accommodate women, and he warned there would be reviews to address the issues. He is a staunch proponent of聽聽regardless of gender, and military officials are braced for changes as reviews continue.

In a March 12 memo, Hegseth said the undersecretary for personnel must gather information on military standards 鈥減ertaining to physical fitness, body composition, and grooming, which includes but is not limited to beards.鈥�

鈥淲e must remain vigilant in maintaining the standards that enable the men and women of our military to protect the American people and our homeland as the world鈥檚 most lethal and effective fighting force,鈥� he wrote.

The effort is seen as a broadside against women serving on the front lines 鈥� which they've done successfully for years. Hegseth's memo calls for a review of how standards changed and the effects of those shifts since Jan. 1, 2015 鈥� the year the Defense Department opened all combat jobs to women.

It raises questions about whether he wants to make all fitness tests the same for the services and make them all gender- and age-neutral or whether he will set minimum standards and allow the services to require more stringent requirements as desired.

Eliminating the current policy of scoring annual fitness tests based on age and gender could hurt retention and recruitment if troops are suddenly told to meet a new, dramatically harder requirement. Such changes generally聽are phased in over time.

Here's a look at the current standards.

Physical fitness tests

The military has long had what is largely a two-part system for physical fitness standards:

• Routine annual fitness tests with different requirements based on gender and age.
• More grueling standards for specific combat, special operations, infantry, armor, pararescue jumpers and other jobs that are the same for everyone in that occupation, and are not adjusted for age or gender.

Right now, the fitness tests are a hodgepodge.

Each service has basic tests that all service members must pass once or twice a year. For every service, the tests vary. Scoring is adjusted for gender and age. For example: A 20-year-old man must complete a run in a faster time than a woman or a 30-year-old man in order to receive the maximum score.

Fitness tests used to be simpler: a run, push-ups and sit-ups. They evolved over time and now can include options. For example, Air Force service members can do either a 1陆-mile run or a sprint. Other services will, at times, allow biking or rowing as a cardio substitute for the run; planks are now more widely used than sit-ups.

The Army and聽Marines have more extensive fitness tests.

The Army,聽聽several years ago, expanded its fitness test to six events, including a dead lift, run, planks, push-ups, standing power throw and a combination sprint/drag/carry. The events were meant to mimic real-world military circumstances. An early plan to make that test聽聽after studies showed problems.

The Marine Corps has two tests a year. In the first half, Marines take a physical fitness test that includes a 3-mile run, pull-ups and planks. In the second half of the year, they take a combat fitness test that includes an 880-meter run in combat boots, an ammo-can lift and an exercise that mimics troops鈥� maneuvers under fire.

The maneuver portion includes an obstacle course with a low crawl, high crawl and sprint, as well as dragging a person and using the fireman鈥檚 carry.

Job-specific courses and standards

Specific military jobs like special operations, infantry, armor and pararescue jumping require different, higher-level physical 鈥� and often mental and psychological 鈥� tests, requirements and qualification courses.

Those standards require everyone to meet the same gender- and age-neutral requirements. For example, an Army soldier who wants to be a Green Beret or a sailor who wants to be a SEAL must pass those grueling monthslong qualification courses.

After the Pentagon allowed women to be in all combat jobs, the Army set specific fitness standards for each military occupation that are the same regardless of sex or age.聽聽or armor job must pass a specific physical assessment that has higher, more significant demands, in order to sign a contract for that specialty.

Other standards

Over the years, a wide array of standards and requirements were adjusted for reasons ranging from religious tolerance to recruiting and evolving societal trends.

In large part, they were driven by recruiting struggles and the need to woo those from a changing universe of American young people, including those with less academic schooling or people from states where marijuana is legal.

The Navy, for example, began in 2022 to enlist more recruits who score very low on the Armed Services Qualification Test. That was to help meet recruiting goals. A year later, it started bringing in people who didn鈥檛 graduate from high school or get a GED. Both were shifts that the other services largely avoided. The Navy argued it needed those lower-scoring recruits to fill jobs that involve intense manual labor.

Hegseth said little about that type of standard and focused on physical rather than mental fitness.

In addition, several services changed policies on hair and beards. They now allow聽, and beards in certain circumstances for either medical or religious reasons. Most of the services relaxed policies on marijuana in recent years.

Similarly, they all loosened restrictions on the size and placement of tattoos, opening the door to full-sleeve tattoos. Most now allow small ones on the neck or finger.